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The influence of mother tongue on learning foreign languages
Kimličková, Lenka ; Langerová, Petra (referee) ; Smutný, Milan (advisor)
Tato práce se zabívá tématem přivlastňování si cizího jazyka a vztahem mezi mateřským a cizím jazykem. Objasňuje základní pojmy, například přivlastňování si jazyk, kontrastní analýza a jazykový transfer. Zdůrazňuje význam přivlastňování si mateřského jazyka a vysvětluje teorie přivlastňování si jazyků. Poskytuje čtenáři příklady nejčastějších chyb, které se vyskytují při učení jazyků. Kromě tohohle pojednává také o nejrůznějších faktorech, mezi které patří věk nebo motivace a jejich vliv na učení jazyků.
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The corpus of Spanish learners: analysis of conflictive grammatical phenomena for foreign speakers.
GARCÍA FERNÁNDEZ, Sara
In this paper, we conduct a contrastive analysis among three languages (Spanish, Czech and English) as far as the explicit or implicit use of subject personal pronouns is concerned, given that it can entail a source of linguistic conflict from the standpoint of English and Czech speakers who learn Spanish, as this particular grammatical phenomenon works differently in their mother tongues. The issue of this study is firstly and mostly grounded on a collaboration project in which we have participated along this past academic year, focused on the revision, correction and annotation of certain mistakes detected in a section of texts compiled in an American learner corpus called Corpus of Written Spanish of L2 and Heritage Speakers (COWS-L2H). The second basis for our research is a small, own compiled corpus of Czech-speaking learners of Spanish, which we analysed using a special software for linguistic annotation called Analec. Our study can be contextualized within the framework of corpus linguistics as a growing and evolving methodology, applied to multiple language research fields via the development of different types of corpora. In this case, our main concern are those linguistic databases that contain essays from students of Spanish, since these materials allow for the analysis of their interlanguage in order to identify and determine the prime faculties and difficulties that they will face when learning this language. Following this path, teachers will be able to develop a more effective and suitable pedagogical approach, in accordance with the specific characteristics of the target group(s). However, to attain this goal, it is vital to foster the exposure of educators and students to these linguistic tools.
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Errors in use of the subjunctive of the English-speaking and Czech-speaking students of Spanish
ROSA CALVO, Marta
The understanding and production of the Spanish subjunctive mode has always been regarded as a challenge for students and Spanish teachers as a foreign or second language. It is the lack of correspondence of this verbal mode in other languages, along with its versatility and the numerous semantic and pragmatic nuances that the change of verbal mode implies, what leads to problems among both students and teachers. Due to this and many other reasons, the present study aims to analyse the specific problems that two groups of students of Spanish may encounter: anglophone and Czech speakers with an intermediate-high level of language (B2 according to the CEFR). To do so, two similar surveys have been launched aimed at both groups. These surveys include the specific syntactic structures pertinent to this language level, whose modal selection usually causes major difficulties. Likewise, a contrastive analysis will be developed focused on the syntactic structures which are subject of study in Spanish, English and Czech. The purpose of the latter is to extract some specific characteristics of the above-mentioned languages, and thus offer an objective perspective of the problems that students may encounter in the comprehension and production of these syntactic structures. Furthermore, the difficulties that may be drawn from the results of the surveys will be evinced, and some solutions are expected to be presented in response to these problems and in the face of Spanish language teaching as a foreign or second language.
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Conceptualization and metaphors: contrastive analysis of somatic phraseology in Czech and Spanish
ROZSNYOVÁ, Sandra
The present Master thesis deals with the study of somatic idioms which contain the lexeme ruka ("mano") in Czech and Spanish language. The goal of this work is to analyse the metaphors and metonymies that are present in the studied phraseological units and to compare their distribution in the languages that are studied. The work is divided into a theoretical part, whose chapters contain the explanation of crucial concepts in the field of phraseology, the relation between language and cognition, basic principles of cognitive linguistics and a view on teaching of phraseology. The subject of the second, practical, part is the list of the metaphors and metonymies present in studied units and their detailed description. The practical part also contains a contrastive analysis of the results between Czech and Spanish with the focus at the similarities and differences. The work is written in Spanish and contains Czech summary.
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Spanish gerund and its Czech equivalents
Vavroušová, Petra ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The purpose of this thesis was to analyse the Spanish gerund and its Czech equivalents. The thesis is divided into two parts: the theoretical one and the empirical one. We mainly drew from Spanish grammar books and Czech linguistic works. The gerund and its translation equivalents were compiled from the parallel Czech-Spanish corpus InterCorp. The excerpts were analysed from the linguistic point of view in order to provide a contrastive description of the Spanish gerund and its Czech equivalent expressions. The objective of the study was to describe the different types of Czech translation equivalents and their frequency. The results of the study also reveal that translation of the Spanish gerund into Czech is closely related to the conversion of the analytic language structure into the syntactic one. Therefore, some of the specific characteristics of translation of the gerund into Czech might be assigned to the concurrence of two typologically different languages.
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On Professional Text Translation
Pémová, Petra ; Oganesjanová, Danuše (advisor) ; Rubáš, Stanislav (referee)
(in English): The work in this diploma contains the special syntactic structural features of Russian and Czech historical and political science texts. The author of the work takes as a theoretical starting point the principle that Russian scientific texts use more condensed forms of expression than Czech scientific texts, and uses evidence in this diploma to verify the truth of this principle. Quantitative research was carried out to test this theory via examination of Czech and Russian historical and political science texts in both original and translated forms. The original criteria for the choice of texts used was thematic closeness, time period of text creation and a minimum length of 5,000 words. This criteria was later expanded to 7,000 words for original texts and 9,000 words for original texts and their translations. In addition to this a translation analysis was carried out concerning condensation devices, expression dynamics and the implicitness and explicitness of the text. The contrastive analysis of applied condensation devices of Czech and Russian texts adheres to the classification framework of Czech linguist Milan Jelinek. The results of the author's analysis confirm that Russian political science and historical texts reach higher predicative tightness of expression and use more...
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Nominal-verb bonds and the possibilities of their translation into Czech
Pálková, Ivana ; Šemelík, Martin (advisor) ; Hejhalová, Věra (referee)
The aim of the presented research is to compare description of light verbs and light verb construction in selected grammar books of contemporary German and other resources. The research also focuses on analysis of examples demonstrating German durative light verb constructions and their equivalents in Czech language taking the parallel corpus InterCorp as a basis for this bachelor thesis. The main emphasis is put on translation possibilities of these language structures into Czech and their potential systematisation. In the conclusion of the thesis, the position of these constructions in contemporary German language is summarized and concrete improvements for their description in accessible resources including grammar books and dictionaries are proposed. Key words: contemporary German, light verbs, light verb constructions, corpus analysis, contrastive analysis
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The use of articles in Italian and English - a contrastive analysis
ŠIMKOVÁ, Marie
This diploma thesis aims to analyze the function of articles in English and Italian. In both languages, articles are used in order to determine the name; however, in some instances, such function works in both languages differently. With the help of examples from books and from the InterCorp corpus, this thesis shows the similarities and differences regarding this matter. The description of both languages is based on the point of view of a native speaker of Czech. Having a broad variety of endings and declinations, Czech is a language that does not use the category of article. Thus, it uses other means to cover the same function, which in this case helps to see the differences in different language systems. The thesis is divided into ten chapters; each of them deals with a different aspect that is related to the article use. To show the level of similarity in each of these cases, the theory is supported by various examples in both languages. The first chapter deals with the development of articles from the Indoeuropean base. Next chapter introduces the current forms of articles in modern English and Italian, taking into account pronunciation. Chapter 3 focuses on the classification of substantives and also deals with the concept of countability. Chapter 4 introduces articles as a part of NP, taking into account different parts of speech that from the syntactic point of view can appear in the same position as article. Chapters 5 and 6 are focused on the general functions of articles, while the following two chapters analyse respectively the use of articles with common and proper names. Chapters 9 and 10 deal with the impact of word order on the use of articles and with the correlation of articles and demonstrative pronouns. In the final part are exposed the general conclusions that resulted from the analysis of all the aspects listed above.
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Animals in German and Czech phraseology. A comparative analysis.
HOVORKOVÁ, Pavla
This thesis deals with a contrastive analysis of German phraseological units containing an animal and their Czech equivalents. In the theoretical part, we will explain the basic concepts of phraseology and focus on the contrastive phraseology. The core of the thesis is formed by analysis of German proverbs and other verbal phraseological units and finding their Czech equivalents. The selected phraseological units are accompanied by examples. The aim of the thesis is to divide the phraseological units into groups according to the degree of equivalence.
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Problems of translation of proper nouns - contrastive analysis
BLÁHOVÁ, Kateřina
The subject of this thesis is the problem with the translation of given names. The aim of this paper is to look at the most commonly used translation process based on the analyzed names. The work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I will discuss proper ames and nouns from the perspectives of Czech ans Spanish grammar, and elaborate further into the widely used types of translation. I have chosen specific names for the practical analysis myself. In conclusion, the findings are analysed and based on the evaluation conclyded. The work is written in Czech language.
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